Reviewed by Dan D on Nov 30, 2023
Tagged:
Religion
History
Humanities
In contrast to more biographical accounts, Helen Castor's history situates Joan of Arc's life firmly within the historical context of the Lancastrian War (1415-1453) - the third and final phase of the Hundred Years' War between England and France. The first several chapters of Castor's book focus on the political intrigue in the fractured Kingdom of France, reeling from its devastating loss at the Battle of Agincourt in the years leading up to Joan's birth. Had George R.R. Martin not chosen the subsequent War of the Roses (1455-1487) as the inspiration for his novels, the events in France which preceded that war would have been just as good an option. Any fan of Game of Thrones will likely enjoy reading an account of the civil war between the Burgundian and Armagnac cadet branches of the French royal family - A war which brought France to a point of crisis where a peasant woman from a border town who claimed to have spoken to God was able to command armies and bring the French monarchy back from the brink of capitulation to the English crown which was so ascendant at this stage in the war.
Castor largely treats the civil war in France and the ensuing war between France and England as a discrete conflict with connections to the historical era more broadly. She does not explain to the reader every detail of the historiography of the Western European Late Middle Ages, partially to avoid confusing lay readers and partially because she likely expects her audience to be somewhat historically inclined and familiar with the foundational history of Western European nation states. From her perspective as a London-based historian of Medieval and Tudor England, this is somewhat reasonable. But American readers may wish to consult a few outside sources in order to brush up on the full historical context of the book's events.
Castor's analysis in the second half of the books brings her unique perspective on the life and subjectivity of Joan of Arc the living woman to print. Where other histories and biographies of Joan have focused on her role as a religious icon, military strategist and proto-feminist, Castor's history weaves those threads together and presents the reader with a picture of a woman who, as a person living in the middle ages, had beliefs and a perspective on the world which is as alien to the modern reader as an entirely different culture would be. Castor is a responsible historian who is so steeped in the facts on the period she writes about that she is able to make educated conjectures that make her story come to life, while still distinguishing fact from speculation. This analysis makes the book, and especially her characterization of Joan, richer.
Castor generally rejects the idea that Joan had any kind of feminist consciousness about her actions. The evidence points to Joan seeing her mission on Earth as a religious one, firmly embedded within the political imaginary of the time and limited in its objective to the ongoing struggle between kings. This does not mean, however, that Castor's history is devoid of an analysis about what it meant for Joan of Arc to be a woman, both for herself and to her friends and foes. Castor's Joan of Arc is a woman who found herself at the command of an army and an integral part of French politics between the ages of seventeen and nineteen, with no formal experience in statecraft, military strategy or politics. She is a woman who may have worn a fastened leather tunic in the fashion of a man as her only form of protection from sexual violence as a woman traveling alone in a low-trust society with no effective rule of law. She may have been inspected for chastity by female members of the royal court, to verify her claims of piousness. She may have agonized when hearing church bells, which were said to have been a trigger for her religious visions. All these details of the rich internal life of a fascinating woman and more await the reader in the pages of Helen Castor's Joan of Arc.
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